5.7  Bibliography

The book by Brown et al. [ 1992] on FPGAs deals with commercially available FPGAs and logic block architecture. There are several easily readable articles on FPGAs in the July 1993 issue of the IEEE Proceedings including articles by Rose et al. [ 1993] and Greene et al. [ 1993]. Greene’s article is a good place to start digging deeper into the Actel FPGA architecture and gives an idea of the very complex problem of programming antifuses, something we have not discussed. Trimberger, who works at Xilinx, has edited a book on FPGAs [ 1994]. For those wishing to understand even more about the trade-offs in the different programmable ASIC architectures, a student of Stanford Professor Abbas El Gamal (one of the cofounders of Actel) has completed a Ph.D. on this topic [Kouloheris, 1993]. The best resources for information on FPGAs and their logic cells are the manufacturer’s data sheets, data books, and application notes. The data books change every year or so as new products are released, so it is difficult to give specific references, but Xilinx, Actel, and Altera currently produce huge volumes complete with excellent design guides and application notes—you should obtain each of these even if you are not currently using that particular technology. Many of these are also online in Adobe Acrobat and PostScript format as well as in CD-ROM format (see also the bibliography in Chapter 4).

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